Respiration

Respiration RespirationRespiration is a physical process in which living organisms take in oxygen from the surrounding medium and emit carbon dioxide. the term respiration is also used to refer to the liberation of energy, within a cell. from fuel molecules such as carbohydrates and fats. Carbon dioxide and water are the products of this process, which is sometimes called cellular respiration to distinguish it from the physical process of breathing.Small organisms of the kingdoms Protista and Prokaryotae have no specialized respiratory mechanisms; instead, they rely on the diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide across a cell membrane. The concentration of oxygen in the organism is less than that of the surrounding air or water, and the concentration of carbon dioxide is greater. As a result, oxygen diffuses into the organism, and carbon dioxide diffuses out.In aquatic lower animals that are more complex than sponges, a circulating medium carries the respiratory gases from outer tissues to cells that are distant from the sight of gas exchange.Anatomy of the lungs and heartThese animals have gills, which auxiliary respiratory mechanisms keep a constant current of fresh water flowing. The gases are diffused through the epithelium of the gill, and the extended surface, produced by the branching of the gills, enables large quantities of blood to be oxygenated in a short time.The respiratory and circulatory systems of air breathing animals have become adapted and modified for life in oxygen deficient environments. For example, people living in higher altitudes would have larger lungs than people living at lower altitudes. Humans respire through their lungs, as do most mammals and reptiles. Within the thorax, the lungs are held close to the body wall by atmospheric pressure. When the thorax expands, the lungs fill with air drawn through the upper respiratory passages. Relaxation of the muscles expanding...

Vaquita Facts and Conservation Information

Vaquita Facts and Conservation Information The vaquita (Phocoena sinus), also known as the Gulf of California harbor porpoise, cochito or Marsopa vaquita is the smallest cetacean. It is also one of the most endangered, with only about 250 remaining. The word vaquita means small cow in Spanish. Its species name, sinus is Latin for gulf or bay, referring to the vaquitas small range, which is restricted to coastal waters off the Baja Peninsula in Mexico. Vaquitas were discovered fairly recently - the species was first identified based on skulls in 1958 and live specimens were not observed until 1985. You can read more about the vaquitas discovery here. Description Vaquitas are about 4-5 feet long, and weigh about 65-120 pounds. Vaquitas are gray, with darker gray on their back and lighter gray on their underside. They have a black eye ring, lips and chin, and pale face. Vaquitas lighten in color as they age. They also have a recognizable triangular-shaped dorsal fin. Vaquitas are shy around vessels, and typically are found singly, in pairs or in small groups of 7-10 animals. They may stay underwater for a long time. The combination of these characteristics can make vaquitas difficult to find in the wild. Classification Kingdom: AnimaliaPhylum: ChordataSubphylum: VertebrataSuperclass: Gnathostomata, TetrapodaClass: MammaliaSubclass: TheriaOrder: CetartiodactylaSuborder: CetancodontaSuborder: OdontocetiInfraorder: CetaceaSuperfamily: OdontocetiFamily: PhocoenidaeGenus: PhocoenaSpecies: sinus    Habitat and Distribution Vaquitas have one of the most limited home ranges of all cetaceans. They live in the northern end of the Gulf of California, off the Baja Peninsula in Mexico, in murky, shallow waters within about 13.5 miles of shore. Click here for a sightings map. Feeding Vaquitas feed on schooling fish, crustaceans and cephalopods. Like other odontocetes, they find their prey using echolocation, which is similar to sonar. The vaquita emits high frequency sound pulses from an organ (the melon) in its head. The sound waves bounce off objects around them and are received back into the dolphins lower jaw, transmitted to the inner ear and interpreted to determine the size, shape, location and distance of prey. Vaquitas are toothed whales, and use their spade-shaped teeth to capture their prey. They have 16-22 pairs of teeth in their upper jaw and 17-20 pairs in their lower jaw. Reproduction Vaquitas are sexually mature at about 3-6 years of age. Vaquitas mate in April-May and calves are born in the months of February-April after a 10-11 month gestation period. Calves are about 2.5 feet long and weigh about 16.5 pounds at birth. The maximum known lifespan of an individual vaquita was a female who lived 21 years. Conservation There are an estimated 245 vaquitas remaining (according to a 2008 study), and the population may be declining by as much as 15% each year. They are listed as critically endangered on the IUCN Red List. One of the biggest threats to vaquitas is entanglement or being caught as bycatch in fishing gear, with an estimated 30-85 vaquitas taken incidentally by fisheries each year (Source: NOAA). The Mexican government began developing a Vaquita Recovery Plan in 2007, putting efforts into place to protect the vaquita, although they continue to be affected by fishing. Click here to learn how you can help vaquitas. References and Further Information Gerrodette, T., Taylor, B.L., Swift, R., Rankin, S., Jaramillo-Legorreta, A.M., and L. Rojas-Bracho. 2011. TI - A combined visual and acoustic estimate of 2008 abundance, and change in abundance since 1997, for the vaquita, Phocoena sinus. Marine Mammal Science, 27:2, E79-E100.Marine Mammal Commission. Vaquita (Phocoena sinus). Accessed May 31, 2012.NOAA Fisheries Office of Protected Resources. 2011. Gulf of California Harbor Porpoise/Vaquita/Cochito (Phocoena sinus). Accessed May 31, 2012.OBIS-SEAMAP. Gulf of California Harbor Porpoise (Phocoena sinus). Accessed May 31, 2012.Perrin, W. (2010). Phocoena sinus Norris McFarland, 1958. In: Perrin, W.F. World Cetacea Database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at marinespecies.org/aphia.php?ptaxdetailsid343897. Accessed May 31, 2012.Phocoena sinus, In Palomares, M.L.D. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2012. SeaLifeBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. www.sealifebase.org, version (04/2012). Accessed May 31, 2012. Rojas-Bracho, L., Reeves, R.R., Jaramillo-Legorreta, A. Taylor, B.L. 2008. Phocoena sinus. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. . Accessed May 29, 2012.Rojas-Bracho, L. P. sinus. Accessed May 31, 2012.Vaquita: Last Chance for the Desert Porpoise. Accessed May 31, 2012.Viva Vaquita. Accessed May 31, 2012.

Writing Assignment 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Writing Assignment 2 - Essay Example The article also aimed to establish a pattern of communication between different types of groups. The study conducted by Kurz focused more on the â€Å"discussions between in-group dyads about an out-group, or a member of an out-group† (Kurz, 2009. p. 894). Technically, what Kurz wanted to achieve in his study is to understand the dynamics of communications within a given group and how this dynamics affect the individuals within and outside of the group. According to Kurz, â€Å"the prevalence of stereotypical descriptions in discussions of out-groups within in-group dyads may stem from a desire to affirm shared beliefs about the out-group†(Kurz, 2009. p. 893). In the article, Kurz described stereotyping as a means for the individual to gain favor within the group. By surveying the various communication stereotypes, the author hoped to identify useful means of communication that individuals and groups can use to gain favors from each other. In conducting the research, Kurz relied on the dyad and group discussion paradigms to get the data and other information that he needed. He also tried to investigate the ways on how narratives of group members are reproduced among the other members of the group and used effectively. In drawing his hypothesis, Kurz relied on a study of related literature that points out that those narratives about group members when communicated to other members tend to be â€Å"stripped of stereotype inconsistent information (SI), with stereotype consistent (SC) information being retained† (Kurz, 2009, p. 895). Accordingly, the stereotype consistency bias can be attributed to the communication process by which the information passes from one person to another rather than a result of general memory biases (Wigboldus, et al, 2005). In other words, as the message from an outside source is repeated within the group and is passed from one group member to another, the message now takes

Financial management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 5

Financial management - Essay Example Spencer PLC has more than 703 branches across UK in retail parks and in high streets in addition to the airports, stations and other places ranging from the flagship store and out of town over square feet of 100,000 to conventional Food Stores of 7 thousand square feet. The operating activities cash flow, the net cash gotten from the operations has been inconsistent from 666.5 M in 2009, 1601.80 M in 2010, 1197.50 M in 2011, 1443.30M in 2012, and 1236Min 2013. There was little impact of the currency movements on the sale and to the operating profit (Focardi & Fabozzi, 2004). Since the increase of the amortization the income tax reduced but this did not have any impact on the operating cash flow. The reduction in the net cash that the company earns means that the firm has less money to invest. This will subsequently lead to reduction in acquiring the assets and thus fewer dividends are declared to the investors. The cash adequacy ratio shows that the firm operating activities produces insufficient funds to meet the needed business obligations. The Spencer business has since reduced over the years which are evident from the reduction trend of the operating cash flows (â€Å"Foundations of Finance The Logic and Practice of Financial Management, Stude nt Value Edition + Myfinancelab Package†. 2010). This means that the subsidiaries are deteriorating over the years. With the above data it is clear that the net cash flow has been reducing over the last three years which is not a good sign for the company. The net investing cash flows from the investing activities have has unfavorable data which are in negative since 2009.. As outlined in the table the figures from 2009 shows a deficit of 251.7 M, 2010 showed a surplus of 253M, a deficit of 253.4 M for 2011, a deficit of 650.8 in 2012, and a deficit of 966.2 was reported in 2013. The company acquired properties, investments, equipment and

Personal Gods, Deism, & ther Limits of Skepticism :: essays research papers fc

In order to continue our discussion of the legitimate philosophical, scientific, and religious aspects of the science and religion quagmire we need a frame of reference to guide us. What I present here is an elaboration on a classification scheme proposed by Michael Shermer. (5) Shermer suggests that there are three worldviews, or "models," that people can adopt when thinking about science and religion. According to the same worlds model there is only one reality and science and religion are two different ways of looking at it. Eventually both will converge on the same final answers, within the limited capabilities of human beings to actually pursue such fundamental questions. The conflicting worlds model asserts that there is only one reality (as the same world scenario also acknowledges) but that science and religion collide head on when it comes to the shape that reality takes. Either one or the other is correct, but not both (or possibly neither, as Immanuel Kant might have argued). In the separate worlds model science and religion are not only different kinds of human activities, but they pursue entirely separate goals. Asking about the similarities and differences between science and religion is the philosophical equivalent of comparing apples and oranges. "These are two such different things," Shermer told Sharon Begley in Newsweek's cover story "Science Finds God," "it would be like using baseball stats to prove a point in football." Using Shermer's model as a starting point for thinking about S&R, I realized that something is missing. One cannot reasonably talk about the conflict between science and religion unless one also specifies what is meant by religion or God (usually there is less controversy on what is meant by science, though some philosophers and social scientists would surely disagree). So what makes Shermer's picture incomplete is the very important fact that different people have different Gods. I am not referring to the relatively minor variations of the idea of God among the major monotheistic religions, but to the fact that God can be one of many radically different things, and that unless we specify which God we are talking about, we will not make any further progress. My tentative solution to the problem is therefore presented in FIGURE 1. Here the panoply of positions concerning the S&R debate is arranged along two axes: on the abscissa we have the level of contrast between science and religion, which goes from none (same worlds model) to moderate (separate worlds) to high (conflicting worlds).

Education Philosophy Essay

The impact of religious studies on the education system is a subject that is increasingly making many education researchers and experts invest their time on, as the world goes global and multicultural education becomes popular. This subject is especially established in the higher education context, due to the interest multicultural education is increasingly raising to educationists. This paper examines the impact Islamic philosophy and Christian philosophy, the two major religious studies, have on higher education. In spite of the fact that higher education has been increasingly becoming secularized since the late nineteenth century (Roberts and Turner, 2000), the impact the Islamic and the Christian philosophy has on higher education, globally, is immense. The Islamic philosophy, a division of Islamic studies whose main aim is synchronizing the Islamic faith and reason, draws its impact on the global higher education from Islamic religious principles and teachings. This is the fundamental reason why the subject is a major tropic of interest in the education context, given the influence that Islamic teachings and practices have to the learning processes and strategies of a student. In his book, Philosophy of education: an encyclopedia, Joseph James Chambliss writes that one of the leading issues in the Islamic philosophy of education regards how religious teachings relate with secular knowledge, or other knowledge emanating from outside the Islamic religion. Religious knowledge, for instance, is recognized by Islam as the most important source of knowledge, a fact that has a dominant influence on the education system in countries such as in the Middle East, where Islam is the religion practiced by the majority. Chambliss notes that although it is common belief that religious instructions and secular instructions are distinct, imitation of religious methods and practices is often seen in secular settings (Hoosain & Salili, 2006). One way this happens is, for instance, the recitation by heart of chapters and quotations, a practice that is common in secular schools. This practice is also common in Christianity sectors, where many students imitate practices learnt in their However, certain practices and modes of culture may have adverse impacts to higher education. One feature of Islamic philosophy involves the modes of teaching religious knowledge, whereby the religious teacher is supposed to teach unchallenged by the students, who are not encouraged to raise difficult questions requiring clarification of more than technical ideas. This is because the teacher is viewed as a transmitter of knowledge that is not supposed to be challenged, and any attempts to challenge it are taken as Islamic criticism. Under such an environment, it would seem unusual for a student to have information that would be of value. This greatly discourages student participation in the class. Moreover, the student imaginative capabilities are discouraged since by the teacher being the custodian of the truth, any imaginative attempts of the students would be viewed as a distortion of the truth . the students are not supposed to another negative impact to the higher education is on (Chambliss, 1996). These ideas have a major impact on the higher education, since many students; in the global context make use of concepts and practices learnt in their formative years in their studies. The current trend in education, where more and more students are increasingly getting their higher education from overseas institutions, ensures that students are in touch with other students with such practices as aforementioned. References Chambliss J, (1996 ). Philosophy of education: an encyclopedia Taylor & Francis, Retrieved April 1, 2009 from

Online Shopping Vs. Traditional Shopping - 851 Words

Online shopping Online shopping is always beat way to shop .online shopping is easy way to find what you want, because it always in the stock, save you time ,.and you can save your money . Everything is available online now, but some things just do not make sense to purchase on the web. For example, if you’re in the market for new perfume or cologne, it makes a lot more sense to go to the store and smell the different options before purchasing your new scent. When purchasing a product online, try to decipher if the convenience is getting in the way of common sense. However, traditional shopping does have certain plus points. Immediate gratification that local brick and mortar shops provide is still liked by many people. If you want something right away, just now, getting it from a retail store is the only option. Seeing and touching a product is also an important factor for many people when they buy things. For example, most people would not buy a piece of expensive jeweler only on the basis of a picture on a website.†¨ Finding things online is pretty easy. You just open up a search engine like Google and type in what you are looking for. This is probably the biggest advantage of online shipping vs. traditional shopping. Potentially saving you hours looking for what you want. When you shopping online you always find your item, but if you decided to go to the store it might be or not.it you don’t find your item you probably wasting your time, your gas and you have to goShow MoreRelatedTraditional Shopping vs Online Shopping1557 Words   |  7 Pages1. Traditional and online shopping environment In the traditional shopping, one has to leave home, either walk or take a ride to a particular location in order to buy what one wants. There are many ways of traditional shopping such like shopping at shopping center, outlet village, markets or department stores. However, online shopping has been developing at a fast rate through recent years and more and more people are moving towards this mode of shopping. The online shopping is typically done atRead MoreOnline And Online Shopping : Online Vs. Traditional Shopping855 Words   |  4 PagesComparison/Contrast Essay On-line vs Traditional shopping If you had to choose one method of shopping what would you prefer? Online or In store? Did you know that 51% of American shoppers prefer to shop online (Wallace, Tracey)? I personally like to shop in store, but I do enjoy the convenience of online shopping. However, online shopping has its downfalls. As the world becomes more and more reliant on technology, we have everything at the palm of our hands, literally. We do not haveRead MoreOnline Shopping vs Traditional Shopping Essay792 Words   |  4 PagesOnline Shopping Vs Traditional Shopping October 3, 2010 | Online Shopping Vs Traditional Shopping Online shopping is the process whereby consumers directly buy goods or services from a seller in real-time, without an intermediary service, over the Internet. According to Internet Retailer U.S., retail e-commerce spending increased to an estimated $66.9 billion in the first half of 2010, up 9.3% from $61.2 billion for the same period as year ago. Online shopping has become popular amongRead MoreTraditional vs. Online Shopping2966 Words   |  12 PagesCHANGING Much has been written about the death of store based retailing, as we know it, to be replaced by shopping on the Internet. However, it is the subject of Electronic Retailing, and specifically Electronic Home Shopping, in the business to consumer sector that is resulting in widely varying estimates on the likelihood and pace of this next evolution in retailing. The traditional view suggests that this form of retailing will have little more impact than that currently achieved by existingRead MorePros And Cons Of Online Shopping Vs. Traditional Shopping866 Words   |  4 Pages Shopping is when a person referred to as a customer, browses through a selection of goods and or services with the intent to purchase an option that best suits them. Shopping is one of the most common habits of today’s society and is done both for leisure and economical purposes. Traditionally, one would do their shopping at a store, but with all the technological advancements that we’ve had over the years, our manners have been shifting toward the use of the Internet as more consumers turnRead MoreOnline Shopping versus Traditional Retail Store639 Words   |  3 PagesOnline Shopping vs. Traditional Retail Store One of the most debatable decisions for most Americans during the sale event or holiday is whether to shop or not to shop. Especially, when considering that some of the online shopping websites such as Amazon and eBay are established. To shop online or to shop in the store has become a more practical question. I used to be a traditional shopper, but I changed my mind sometime over years since I found that shopping online is much cheaper and more convenientRead MoreEssay on Online vs Brick and Mortar Shopping1029 Words   |  5 PagesOnline vs. Brick-and-Mortar Shopping The Internet has changed the way we do virtually everything, including the way we shop. However, shopping is not the only thing that has changed. In the last decade we have changed the way, we apply for loans, study, and even plan a vacation. Doing any of these things would have been impossible a few decades ago. At present, online banking, paying bills, ordering new services, and shopping online have become part of our daily lives. Traditional brick-and-mortarRead MoreOnline Shopping vs Brick and Mortar1459 Words   |  6 PagesOnline Shopping VS Brick and Mortar Ann Gove COMM/155 December 10, 2011 Marianne Raley Online shopping VS Brick and Mortar Does the idea of shopping in Italy, France, or Japan at 3:00 am in your pajamas while snuggled up on the couch sound like a good idea? Then internet shopping is the way to go. As of the first twenty five days of the November- December 2011 Holiday season internet sales totaled 12.7 billion dollars, that’s an increase of 15% since last year. Online shopping dominates theRead MoreAnalyzing The Risks That The Online Customers Go Through Online Shopping1051 Words   |  5 PagesResearch Paper Review Introduction: Even with a considerable amount of online shoppers, online shopping is considered to be risky and confusing for many. The increased percentage in abandonment of online transactions continues to be a concern. The main objective of this research paper is to analyze the risks that the online customers go through online shopping and how they depend on the category of the product. Basically, the product category is differentiated to be two kinds of products- digitalRead MorePlaying Fields Between Offline And Online Stores1271 Words   |  6 Pagesoffline and online stores uneven? For example: Are you the type to window shop in real stores but buy in virtual stores? Online shopping has largely influenced consumers for over 30 years. However during its inception, many consumers still preferred to travel to a physical store location to purchase products as they were unsure about this new method of shopping but as time passed, more people jumped on the bandwagon and soon it became mainstream. The question now though, is that are the shopping fields