Project Management A Critical Evaluation

Introduction Available literature demonstrates that a project schedule is a fundamental constituent of any project management activity, issues of size or scope of the project notwithstanding. Indeed, as noted by Kerzner (2001), a project schedule not only directs the project stakeholders on when each activity should be done, but it reveals what has already been achieved, whether certain activities are late in terms of delivery, and the sequence in which project activities need to be completed.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Project Management: A Critical Evaluation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is against this background that the present paper seeks to respond to a few issues related to project scheduling, primarily the identification of activities needed to estimate resources and durations, identification and discussion of some of the milestones that may be contained in a project, and, lastly, the provisi on of a summary of how human resources should be assigned to each project activity to guard against lateness or perceived schedule slips. Activities to Estimate Resources and Durations in Project Management An accurate assessment or estimation of the resources and durations needed to complete particular tasks should be an issue of imperative concern for project managers and other stakeholders in the team. Kerzner (2001) notes that while it is true that duration estimation analyzes the time that may be taken to complete either the entire project or subsections within the entire project, activity duration, on its part, is to a large extent dependent on other time and resource approximations. In this perspective, the Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) can be proposed as an activity that can assist the project team to estimate the resources and durations needed. This activity not only defines a project in the context of its deliverables, but provides a framework for breaking down the stated deliverables into consequential units of work (Kerzner, 2001). The author further notes that with this breakdown, team leaders are able to ascertain a proper work hierarchy that operationalizes resource and duration estimations. The second activity that could be proposed entails undertaking a critical path review using the Critical Path Method (CPM) with a view to estimating the overall project duration. It is of significance to note that the CPM has the capacity to calculate the total project duration while basing its estimates on individual task durations and their interrelationships. It therefore follows that the series of project tasks determining the minimum time required for the project should be included as the critical path (Kerzner, 2001).Advertising Looking for essay on project management? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The third activity that could be proposed involves undertaking a performance evaluation review u sing an effective project management tool, such as the Performance Evaluation Review Technique (PERT). According to Schwalbe (2010), this activity employs a pictorial description of project tasks as a system of dependencies with a view to assess or investigate the most likely time and resource estimates. Forth, the project leader in conjunction with other members can initiate a Resource Breakdown Structure (RBS), which is basically â€Å"†¦a hierarchical structure that identifies the project resources by category and typeâ€Å"(Schwalbe, 2010, p. 222). The information gathered by this structure is fundamentally important in not only determining the costs of resources, but also on how to go about acquiring the resources. Lastly, a Three-Point Estimate (TPE) can be used to estimate activity durations. This activity, according to Schwalbe (2010), revolves around designing â€Å"†¦an optimistic, most likely, and pessimistic estimate [whereby] the optimistic estimate is base d on a best-case scenario, while the pessimistic estimate is based on a worst case scenario† (p. 223). Milestones for the Project Milestones are simply goals or objectives that assist project leaders to keep track of the overall progress for any project, with each milestone indicating a forward movement (Higginbotham, 2008). In essence, milestones not only assist in building continued momentum for the team members, but they show progress to members of staff as well as to other leaders. The SMART (specific; measurable; attainable; relevant; time-bound) criteria can be used to describe project milestones in the context of the outlined case study (Schwalbe, 2010). Under the ‘specific’ term, we can identify and describe the first two project milestones, which may include: A fully functional remote deposit capture must be in place within the next five months to allow a month’s time for any necessary adjustments, and The remote deposit capture must be able to fu lfill the core objectives of increasing customer satisfaction and curtailing customer loss. Under the ‘measurable’ term, we can identify and describe the third and forth milestones, namely: The remote deposit capture, upon its commissioning, must be able to improve customer satisfaction levels by up to 25 percent, and The bank must be able to register an increase of about 20 percent in its customer base upon the commissioning of the new project. Moving on, under the ‘attainable’ term of the SMART criteria, we can identify and describe the fifth and sixth milestones, namely:Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Project Management: A Critical Evaluation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The staff members need to undergo training to improve their abilities and skills towards the operationalization of the new project, and The need to make heavy investments in information technology (IT) to ensu re the goals of increasing customer satisfaction and avoiding the loss of current customers are met after takeoff. Under the ‘relevancy’ term, we can identify and describe the seventh and eighth milestones as follows: Conduct a baseline survey in the fourth month of project implementation to evaluate how other banks are coping with the issues of customer satisfaction, and To conduct a baseline survey to investigate the relevancy of remote deposit capture against the industry’s best practices. Lastly, under the ‘time-bound’ term of the SMART criteria, we can identify and describe the project milestones as follows: We must have the necessary IT infrastructure in place by the lapse of 90 days (three months), and We must be able to test the new IT infrastructure using selected bank customers by the lapse of 150 days (five months) to provide room for any improvement or adjustment. Assigning Personnel to Project Activities It is indeed true that an IT-r elated project such as the implementation of a remote deposit capture for a banking institution certainly requires personnel from a wide variety of fields, such as software developers, network administrators, java programmers, risk assessors, junior support staff, internet security personnel, subcontractors, and senior personnel such as the chief information officer (CIO), among others. The way that all these personnel are assigned their duties is critical to the success of any IT-related project (Schwalbe, 2010). According to Lock (2007), personnel should be assigned to project activities based on their availability, level of skill and training, and an open mind to learn more. The table next page demonstrates how the tasks will be delegated among the personnel involved Personnel activity M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 Software developers Developing network receivable software Network administrators Networking between main office and branches Java programmers programming Risk assessors Assessing risk in depositing money online Junior support staff Support roles Security personnel Internet security subcontractors Provision of hardware CIO oversight N.B: M1-M6 = the first month through the sixth month (project period) It is indeed true that some projects may fall behind schedule owing to a multiplicity of factors, such as lack of finances, lack of materials, lack of the required personnel, and occurrence of natural catastrophes, among others (Lock, 2007). When such eventualities occur, the project manager or leader may renegotiate the scope/ schedule of the project with the project sponsor, along with other members, to evaluate if it is indeed viable to either reduce the scope activities of the original project or possibly increase the schedule duration to ensure that project scope activities are satisfactorily met (Schwalbe, 2010). Second, the project leader, in collaboration with the project sponsor an d other team members, may engage in resource re-allocation to make sure that extra resources are availed to project areas that might have fallen behind schedule. Third, the project members might engage in multitasking, which basically entails working on multiple project activities for a specific amount of time to permit for more than one activity to be completed (Lock, 2007). Other strategies that may be used include increasing dedicated time, project schedule compression, and fast-tracking of activities (Schwalbe, 2010).Advertising Looking for essay on project management? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Conclusion The above analysis demonstrates the complexities involved in project management, particularly in making estimations for resources and time durations. The analysis has also touched on project milestones and how such milestones need to be generated to ensure successful implementation of projects. All in all, the underlying task is for the project manager to lead the team using industry-specific best practices in project management to ensure successful implementation (Lock, 2007). Reference List Higginbotham, J. (2008). Project planning: Identify milestones, assumptions, and tasks. Retrieved from http://www.volunteercentered.com/2008/03/31/project-planning-identify-milestones-assumptions-and-tasks/ Kerzner, H. (2001). Project management: A systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling, 7th Ed. New York, NY: John Wiley Sons. Lock, D. (2007). Project management, 9th Ed. Hampshire: Gower Publishing Ltd. Schwalbe, K. (2010). Information technology project management . Boston, MA: Cengage Learning. This essay on Project Management: A Critical Evaluation was written and submitted by user Kronos to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Wicca, The Religion

According to (Larson), an estimated 9 million women and girls met death by fire between the years of 1300 and 1700 for practicing witchcraft. In the eighteenth century, 19 suspected witches were killed in Salem, Massachusetts. Despite such extreme countermeasures, the occult rituals of witchcraft are widely practiced today around the world (p. 464). Wicca is a religion that has been around for a long time. There are many different types of Wicca, but the background in all off them is the same. The more established and well-known Wiccans sects include; Gardnerian, Alexandrian, Faerie, Blue Star, Georgian and the American Welsh. Those who practice Wicca are called Wiccans. Wiccans are believed to be a cult that worships the Devil. The word Wicca can be defined as twisted, bent, or warped. Wicca is known for its back to nature religion that worships the sky and Earth. As noted on (Fortunecity), Wicca is a pagan religion containing traditions of England, Ireland, Scotland, and Wales. (Pagan religion family includes Druidism, Asatru, Egyptian, Greek, and Roman). The roots of Wicca can be traced even further back to Paleolithic peoples who worshipped a Hunter God and a Fertility Goddess. Cave paintings found in France (and dated at 30,000 years old) depict a man with the head of a stag, and a woman with a swollen, pregnant belly. They stand in a circle with eleven mortals. These archetypes of the divine are worshipped by Wiccans to this very day. The laws against Witchcraft were repealed in England, in 1951. Gerald Gardner was the first to come into the public eye with a description of what modern witches were practicing. In the writings of (Heart), Gerald Gardner took the helm and lead Witchcraft, or Wicca back from the shadow and into the light. His information came from the traditions of a coven called the New Forest Witches, and from Ceremonial Magick and the Cabballah. He began what is now called the Gardnerian Tradition ... Free Essays on Wicca, The Religion Free Essays on Wicca, The Religion According to (Larson), an estimated 9 million women and girls met death by fire between the years of 1300 and 1700 for practicing witchcraft. In the eighteenth century, 19 suspected witches were killed in Salem, Massachusetts. Despite such extreme countermeasures, the occult rituals of witchcraft are widely practiced today around the world (p. 464). Wicca is a religion that has been around for a long time. There are many different types of Wicca, but the background in all off them is the same. The more established and well-known Wiccans sects include; Gardnerian, Alexandrian, Faerie, Blue Star, Georgian and the American Welsh. Those who practice Wicca are called Wiccans. Wiccans are believed to be a cult that worships the Devil. The word Wicca can be defined as twisted, bent, or warped. Wicca is known for its back to nature religion that worships the sky and Earth. As noted on (Fortunecity), Wicca is a pagan religion containing traditions of England, Ireland, Scotland, and Wales. (Pagan religion family includes Druidism, Asatru, Egyptian, Greek, and Roman). The roots of Wicca can be traced even further back to Paleolithic peoples who worshipped a Hunter God and a Fertility Goddess. Cave paintings found in France (and dated at 30,000 years old) depict a man with the head of a stag, and a woman with a swollen, pregnant belly. They stand in a circle with eleven mortals. These archetypes of the divine are worshipped by Wiccans to this very day. The laws against Witchcraft were repealed in England, in 1951. Gerald Gardner was the first to come into the public eye with a description of what modern witches were practicing. In the writings of (Heart), Gerald Gardner took the helm and lead Witchcraft, or Wicca back from the shadow and into the light. His information came from the traditions of a coven called the New Forest Witches, and from Ceremonial Magick and the Cabballah. He began what is now called the Gardnerian Tradition ...

Brief a case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Brief a - Case Study Example Despite the presence of a valid handgun permit the officer issued Washington a summons to show in court. The key issue is that of Melvin Washington’s interlocutory appeal in retaliation of the court’s denial of his motion that demands that all evidence discovered while the vehicle was searched be repressed. He states that the search was in direct violation of the Fourth Amendment of the US Constitution and also that of Article 1, Section 11 of the Indiana Constitution. On November 12, 2008, Washington was charged by the State for the possession of marijuana, as a Class A offense and a Class C infraction for not having fully functional headlights. On 29th April, 2009, Washington appealed to suppress the drugs found in his vehicle. This motion was denied by the court on the 18th of May, after an analysis of evidence and briefs from both parties. However the court accepted Washington’s interlocutory appeal in August. The justification for the bases of the decision taken by the court is primarily focused on placing a paramount importance on officer safety. The action taken by Officer Reynolds was therefore relevant as he conducted a search for the weapon in order to ensure his safety. There are divergent opinions pertaining to the case mostly because of the lack of a warrant obtained in order to search the vehicle when no prior suspicion was aroused and Washington has cooperated to the fullest. Hence there was no legitimate concern for the officers safety or any solid bases to believe if any crime was or had been conducted. Based on this notion the search was illegal and hence the evidence it resulted in should have been

Marketing presentation coninstar company PowerPoint

Marketing coninstar company - PowerPoint Presentation Example Meaning a significant change in price has little impact on quantity demanded. Therefore, a small change in prices does not affect such products (Coinstar, 2014). Queency juice can be priced the same as those of competitors; it can be priced at a reduces price as compared to other market competitors or can be priced at a higher price. Coinstar may also consider cost-based pricing in order to regain costs that have been incurred in coming up with new product. Three approaches may be used: Coinstar will introduce a new product, Queency juice, in the market by setting the prices to be high reason being the company offers a mystique and unique product that will be highly valued by customers. The product mainly targets affluent members of the society and is prestigious. The strategy is appropriate because it considers customers who are only willing to pay high prices hence potential customers will not be forced to buy the product (Smith, 2012). The culture of Coinstar in promoting a new product involves participating in charity events, that are not only unreliable but also expensive and time consuming as it involve distributing Queency juice for free despite the higher cost of producing it. During special events such as sports, the direct marketing executives will be involved in creating awareness about Queency drinks. The marketers will give free samples to the audience and the players so that the can have a test of the product. Customers will be taught about the new product free of charge. The Company will also create a new website where awareness of the new product can be created. Advertisement is a very vital tool that can be utilized in product promotion. It should be catchy in order to stimulate demand. Coinstar will also participate in special events such as sports as a way of promoting its new product where free samples of the new product will be given to the participants. Promotional

Online Services Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Online Services - Assignment Example Banner Ads - In this method, WFTI will have to buy advertisement runs for a period of time after which it has to renew its advertising slot. Banner ads are available or sold as number of impressions. These impressions are generally sold in chunks of 100,000 to 1000,000 over a particular period of time. These banners are generally sold by publishers on specific section of the host website’s web page. Advantages – In this option, both the publisher and WFTI knows how many impressions they need to buy and for how long. This will simplifies the budget of WFTI and will also give flexibility to test the advertising model. Disadvantage – This method is less effective compared to social media ads. Its biggest disadvantage is that the customer may view banner ads but not click on it. Also the user may simply ignore it or over see the ads if they do not find it interesting. Social Network Advertising - This type of advertising is targeted to the social networking site users. The advantage of using this type of advertising is that the demographic information of the users can be obtained very easily. This will help the company target its products according to demand of users and their preferences. It can be further divided in two types of advertising: Direct advertisement based on users and their friend’s network – Based on the feedback of the friend group, the next user may see the advertisement messages.

Science Or Promote Scientific Misunderstanding Media Essay

Science Or Promote Scientific Misunderstanding Media Essay The media are the technologies used to send the news or information to everyone through mass communication. There are several types of media such as broadcast media, print media, and internet media. What are print media? Print media is a medium that using printing process to produce the text and images with ink on the paper using a printing press to send the information to people. The example of print media are newspaper, books, magazines, newsletters, leaflets and so on. Various kinds of media have become a vital sources for informing citizens including scientists about recent development of science 1. The mass media also a main component in controlling the rise and fall of social issues and the science-policy interface 2. Generally, 49 % of European reads science articles in newspapers and magazines either regularly or occasionally in the European commission 2007 survey 3. Besides, the survey also shows that the print media such as press, newspapers, and magazines are rated as seco nd trustworthy media to communicate the science 4. The print media play an important role to inform the way public understand science 5. Newspapers are an important sources to understand the science, medical reporting and the critical role of reliable information 6. They transmit the risk messages not only via the advertisements but also newspaper articles using a format that are conducive and easy to understand by the public. Many scientists view that media including print media is a pipeline to transmit the scientific messages to the public 7. Print media actually a way to stimulate public engagement in science. This is because the media like newspaper and magazines always published an accurate, short and free scientific article to help the public understanding about science development 8. The study had shown that the average length of an article in a newspaper is less than 600 words 9. Holliman, R. (2004). Media coverage of cloning: a study of media content, production and reception. Public Understanding of Science, 13(2), 107-30 Miller, D. (1999). Risk, Science and Policy: definitional struggles, information management, the media and BSE. Social Science Medicine 49, 1239-1255. Special Eurobarometer 282- summary. (2007). Scientific research in the media. European Commission. Special Eurobarometer 282, 1-42 (p.22). Wilkie, T (1996). Sources in Science: Who can we Trust? The Lancet, 347, pp. 1308-1311. Hargreaves, I., Lewis, J., and Speers, T. (2002). Towards a better map: Science, the public and the media. Economic and social Research Council. Nelkin, D. (1991). AIDS and the News Media. The Milbank Memorial Fund, New York University. Health, Society and the Milbank Quarterly, Vol. 69(2): 293-307. Tyler, T., Cook, F. (1984). The mass media and judgments of risk: Distinguishing impact on personal and societal level judgments. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 47, 693-708. Hargreaves, Lewis and Speers, 1-54 (p. 14). From there, print media promoting enthusiasm and engagement in science, its the media to encourage the public to find out the details of scientific study from other sources because there usually has citation of journals or scientists name in the articles. For example, the public can just google search using the scientists name or any citations shown in articles to find more information on a scientific knowledge. For example, an article 10 had published the finding of male contraceptive pill, let the public know the progress of scientists in finding the way to solve the problem of men especially for those want to control and plan the right to have a baby. From this article, the people will know whats going on in scientific fields for free and also attracted public who interested in male contraceptive pill to look out the details from other sources with the help of the researchers name mentioned in the articles. Although its just a short article, but it includes all the purpose or aim of the research, the research regarding contraceptive pills that had been going through in the recent and past, the researchers that involved and citation of a journal published. So, this was a good articles to stimulate the public engagement in science development with just a couple of minutes. The figure 1 shows a short part of an article published involving most of the criteria mentioned above.Capture.PNG Figure : A cut from an article 11 However, newspapers also a major source of risk information where the public mitigated the impact of an issue and access to their own information networks. So, print media is a risk communication tool to engage the public 12. Media help to make the risks more visible when an issue raises the public controversy 13. Controversy has always treated as a driving force for the advancement of scientific knowledge 14. The articles especially from newspapers are attempting Martin, D. (2009). Contraceptive pill for men a step closer after scientists isolate infertility gene. Daily Mail Online. Available from http://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-1166861/Contraceptive-pill-men-step-closer-scientists-isolate-infertility-gene.html [Accessed 3 April 2009] Martin, sentence 10-14. Wakefield, S. E. L. and Elliott, S. J. (2003), Constructing the News: The Role of Local Newspapers in Environmental Risk Communication. The Professional Geographer, 55: 216-226. Campbell, P. (2011), Boundaries and risk: Media framing of assisted reproductive technologies and older mothers. Social Science Medicine, 72 (2): 265-272. Holliman, R., Thomas, J., Smidt, S., Scanlon, E., and Whitelegg, E. (eds) (2009a). Investigating science communication in the Information age: Implications for Public Engagement and Popular media. Oxford, Oxford University Press. to reflect balance, to show the pros and cons of one scientific issue. This can let the public take a scientific issue more clearly on its gain and lose. Through the print media like newspaper or magazines, press or journals, the public can have their critical reading and help to develop more opinion or feedback to a science technology. The more feedback from the public, the space for a technology to improve will be more wider. Another example is the article published recently 15. In this article, an accurate and short details of the progress of every scientist who take part had been published. The benefits of this research also stated clearly and the most important part is it mentioned this research still in progress and will be used only if the safety is confirmed. The main idea that we can see from this article is this article told the public the future research will be done by researchers (refer figure 2). Therefore, this is a good opportunity for the readers to argue whether they will support or oppose the new findings or the future researches. So, this is an effective way to raise engagement between the readers and the researchers in scientific development. A controversial or misunderstanding may start if the findings did not state clearly. Capture1.PNG Figure : A small pieces of article 16 Public perceptions are very important in shaping and changing the reaction of both individuals and social institutions to an issue 17. The amount of media coverage in science could directly reflect the interest of the public and also influence the number of public attention to the development in science 18. The media coverage and science education always treat as sources that can influence public opinions, attitudes and reaction to science 19. Actually some of the articles published in print media are an effective way to convince the reader to support the scientific research. A positive reaction of the public can raise the scientists and media profile in order to ease them to get more job opportunities , funding and also policy invitation. The other way round, if a scientific finding is opposed by the public, the scientist will be ignored or blamed which can influence their profile. Therefore, the public actually an important person to control the life of a scientist. Baker, D. (2012). Scientists find a way to kick-start infertile sperm dramatically increasing pregnancy chances. Daily Mail Online. Baker, sentence 14-17. Nelkin, p293-294 Carolyn L. F. (2012) . Science and Engineering Indicators 2012: Science and Technology: public attitudes and Understanding. Arlington VA: National Science Foundation (NSB 12-01). Royal Society (1985). The Public Understanding of Science. Royal Society, London. For example, an article about the human cloning where the progress and the decision of the authority person or organization had been stated 20. This article stated the aim of a scientists work on human cloning so that the readers can understand clearly (refer figure 3). The advantages of human cloning had been stated clearly to convince the reader so that the public will support their research which indirectly convince the authority to agree and make it legally on their research. One research can go smoothly and more success with the help of the public and also the authority. This is because it is an effective way to popularize the name of scientists and the publisher to attract more funding, the main barrier to scientists to continue their research. Well, these also an article that is shown science in a positive light which help in the development of advance science.Untitled.png Figure : A combined of few cut pieces of article 21 Books also a kind of print media that are tremendously important in science. They provide substance and structure for scientific communities in the world. Science books actually also a tool to share experiences and interact with the public. Books raise the public discussion because they play an important role in providing information, engaging different level of people and also contribute discussion of public. First, the books important in the development of science itself where it drives the science communication that involves feedback among different types of communication 22. Moreover, books are an effective way to recruit people younger generation to participate in science and the books also play an important role in the public debate which all the public issues can be discussed 23. Diary Mail. (2004). Unethical human cloning could get green light. Dairy Mail Online. Available from http://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-306817/Unethical-human-cloning-green-light.html. [Accessed 16 June 2004] Diary Mail, sentence 6, 12, 17 25. Holliman, R., Thomas, J., Smidt, S., Scanlon, E., and Whitelegg, E. (eds) (2009b). Practising science communication in the Information age: Theorizing Professional Practises. Oxford, Oxford University Press. Holliman et al., 2009b, Chapter 6. For example, the book Molecular Biology of the Gene written by James Watson is an important and use as a textbook worldwide 24. This book gathered together the field of molecular biology and taught the public the origin and basic techniques in the field of molecular biology. It not only educated public with more scientific knowledge but it also lets the public know what exactly the human formed by. So, science books actually a good facility to create a group of people with similar perspectives, tools and training. In addition, some of the books are in fact making arguments. For example, Evelyn Fox Kellers The feeling for the Organism, a biography of Barbara McClintock, was the part of debating about the nature of science and whether the masculine science different from feminine science in the late 20th century 25. Many questions are raised and debate among the reader and even also the author as well. But, through this argument, the reader can understand and gain more the knowledge an d also to identify clearly their role in scientific development. The news in the print media are used as building blocks for the public to understand science and to make sense of an issue. While, the print media also bring some negative impact to the development of science. There is always very little scientific information in print media. If a science stories are interested and stick in the public mind, the public will start to make some informed guesses of those issues and this finally can bring to the misunderstandings 26. Moreover, some of unsuitable headlines had been used when published in print media especially newspaper. Headlines is very important either in attracting the reader to read more on the article or lead to the misunderstanding by the reader. Some of the people especially for those who are busy and get to know the news and development of science by just read through the headlines.33.PNG Figure 27 For example, with the headline above (figure 4), What will the reader think especially the male reader when they look at this headline? Of course many will think is that men have no role in creating a baby. By just looking at the headline, the reader especially the men will feel they had been ignored by science society and is a useless person in creating a child. It brings to the misunderstanding which might influence the development of science. Although the research is beneficial to help those infertile people who wish to have their own child instead of using the sperm from a donor, but the reader might continue misunderstood of the development of artificial sperm due to the unsuitable headline. Some of the readers will continue to stick in the headlines even the contents are clearly presented or explained. So, headlines are important to influence the reader reflection. Watson, J.D. (1965). Molecular Biology of the Gene. W.A. Benjamin, New York. Comfort, N.C. (2001). The Tangeld Field: Barbara McClintocks Search for the Patterns of Genetic Control. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA. Hargreaves, Lewis, and Speers, 1-58, pg 5. Marsh, B. (2001). We can create babies without men, claim scientists. Dairy Mail Online. Available from http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-79711/We-create-babies-men-claim-scientists.html. [Accessed 22 October 2001]. In addition, the print media also have been suggested as a poor medium in reporting the risks associated with diseases 28. Besides, some of the publishers will distort the fate of scientific findings to attract more readers. This also promotes the scientific misunderstanding because print media was one of the trust media by the public 29. Every person relies on the media sources including print, television, and the internet to learn and respond to health risks on personal and also society level 30. Much of scientific information on the development and infectious diseases came from the mass media. For example, the West Nile Virus and avian influenza 31. Although these diseases are the headlines in print media this recent year, but the diseases still spreading and causing death. But, the articles presented are in a low degree of precision and therefore the information provided have limited usefulness to the readers 32. The poor explanation and the least content level in print media will bring to the misunderstanding as well. The reader might misunderstand that scientific issues are not important which will turn one issue more seriously and incurable at the end. In conclusion, print media is an important medium to stimulate the public engagement in science. It has actually brought more gain to the scientists who responsible for the work, the reader and also the publisher. The scientists and the publisher can attract more career development, funding invitation and also became well-known after publishing a successful article which is supported and accepted by the public. While the reader will gain more scientific knowledge of the print articles. Although the print media is an important tool to communicate or informing the public about the development of science. It is an inevitable tool of science communication that promotes the misunderstood of the science. Evensen, D.T., and Clarke, C.E. (2012). Efficacy information in media coverage of infectious disease risks: all III predicament?. Science Communication, Vol. 34(3): 392-418. Hargreaves, Lewis, and Speers, 1-64, pg 29-31. Evensen and Clarke, pg 394-398. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2008). Questions and answers about avian influenza (bird flu) and avian influenza a (H5N1) virus. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/flu/avian/gen-info/qa.html. Roche, J.P. and Muskavitch, M.A.T. (2003). Limited precision in print media communication of West Nile Virus Risks. Science Communication, 24(3): 353-365.

Sherlock Holmes :: Essays Papers

Sherlock Holmes Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, as many know, is the prestigious author and creator of the sharp witted, fictional character of Sherlock Holmes. However, he had written on subjects other than that of his brilliant mystery stories. For example, he wrote historical novels such as The White Company, Sir Nigel, and Micah Clarke. There were many events in Sir Arthur Conan Doyle’s life that had a direct effect on why he became a writer and the subject matter that he wrote on. He was born in Edinburgh in May of 1859. His mother Mary was Irish, and could trace her ancestry back to the famous Percy family of Northumberland and from there to the Plantagent’s line. As a result of this fact, the young Conan Doyle was introduced to many tales that reeked of historical knowledge, which gave him a good base to later write such novels as the ones listed earlier. Life was fairly difficult for the young Arthur Conan Doyle. He was one of ten children, who were raised on the meager income of a civil servant, his father, Charles. Charles Altamont Doyle was the son of John Doyle, a famous caricaturist. Charles’s brothers, which would be Conan’s uncles, all had made a name for themselves: James wrote The Chronicles of England; Henry became the manager of the National Gallery in Dublin; and Richard became famous for being an artist. With all of this fame and appreciation for â€Å"the arts† that was floating around him, it is no wonder that Conan Doyle grew up to become a writer. Charles Doyle had a few artistic talents as well, but chose only to use them as a spare time leisurely thing to do. Besides this, he had also lost his drive to work, which in turn resulted in the loss of his post in the Office of Works in Edinburgh. He slowly began turning to alcoholism as a means to drown his sorrows, which caused his epilepsy to become slowly worse. He was put in an institution for the last few years of his life until he died in 1893. The alcoholism of his father affected Conan Doyle very significantly. Conan decided to leave the exact details of this crisis out of his autobiography Memories and Adventures, but the subject of alcoholism was not taken lightly in his later fictional stories.

Personal Expectations Essay

For many years I have set goals for myself, but did not totally accomplish all of them. So this time I decided to make up a philosophy that will motivate me. My philosophy is: Never sell myself short. If I make an effort I can achieve my goals. Success is not going to knock on my door. I have to go out and get it. Especially since I was raised in a family that has so much ambitions and talents. I’m constantly being advise that I need to follow the family traits that have lead them to an road of being financially stable. That’s another theory that also helped motivate my return to higher education at the University of Phoenix. Since I have made such a tremendous step to learn online. I must now focus on what types of expectations/achievements that I want for myself, that will guide me to the end of my undergraduate degree at University of Phoenix. Well my first expectation is to find a way to adapt to my everyday routines including school. It’s been so easy in the past when I first attended college because I didn’t have so much on my plate. But now since I been joggling work, school, and most importantly my son, in a twenty-four hour day, it’s been very hard. Considering how hard it is, I must say I’m very blessed to have the strength to go through each day. I definitely think I am a well-rounded person who has the prudential to achieve the courses that will better my knowledge for a better future. I think if I start analyzing a daily schedule I will have the time to be more relaxed and focus when it comes to school time. I want to be able to concentrate on my assignments, by making sure they are always decent and deadlines are meant. I also want to be able to understand and take heed on what I’ve learn when the course is over, because that will allow me to applied all area’s of study together which will result in how much I have learn. I also want to be able to look back at my results ten years from now and see if all my goals were achieved. My second expectation is to go beyond and above my expectations, by producing a high GPA at University of Phoenix and to achieve those goals I need to be able to find a style of studying. I know this is the most difficult issue I have stumbled with in previous times. I never actually took the time to sit down and sort out what my weaknesses were. But I now have to be stern with  myself and realized that time and money is at hand. The first step I think I need to take is what is the best time of the day for me to study? And how can I make myself understand the concept of the material in the course? Thanks to GEN101 discussions assignments I found the best time for me to study was in the evening, when I can forget about all the papers on my desk and put my son to sleep. For my second answer, which I gained from GEN 101, is that I can learn to understand a lecture by relating my own issues. These concepts will be a tremendous help with my further courses that I look forward to overpow er. The third expectation is to graduate from the University of Phoenix and sell my potential’s to Corporate America. I want to be able to stand out and be seen as one of University of Phoenix global achiever’s. I want to know that I am well qualified to make an educated decision in my future company. I also want my educated background to have a significant impact on others that are willing to learn. Finally, if I follow the milestone that I set for myself I will be a successful woman. I will not be excluded from job promotions and raises. Never the less settle for less than I’m worth. I can then look back at these expectations/achievements and wonder how life would have been if I didn’t go back to college. Also I can save these examples for my children to reflect upon and in courage them on what education has to offer. My family will also be content and excited with my accomplishments. They will then realize that I am ready to encounter what life has to offer.

Physiology – Rabbit Ileum

The isolated intestinal smooth muscle preparation is one of the classical preparations in physiology and pharmacology for bioassays, or the study of drug action and autonomic control of motility. This preparation is included in many â€Å"in-house† laboratory manuals of various colleges and universities around North America, and in some commercially prepared manuals deal ing with physiology and pharmacology (e. g. Nicpon-Marieb, 1981).Basically, the method presented in this report is a modification of the original Finkleman preparation (Finkleman, 1930) for the study of the autonomic control of intestinal motility. What is different about our approach is the method of mounting the preparation and the method of stimulation of the sympathetic nerve. The classic way of mounting the piece of intestine is to suspend it vertically in a muscle bath between an aeration tube and a recording lever.The problems with this technique are (1) stress placed on the intestine when the chamber i s emptied during the process of changing solutions, and (2) difficulty in stimulating the sympathetic nerve due to the fact that the preparation is totally submerged in a physiological saline solution. We have overcome these problems by mounting the segments of gut horizontally in a shallow muscle bath. As a result, less stress is placed on the intestine during changeover of solutions, and it is easier to manipulate and to stimulate the sympathetic nerve contained within the mesentery.Also students find i t much easier to mount the preparation in the horizontal bath and are less likely to stretch the muscle preparation in the process. With these modifications we have improved the student success rate from 50-60% to 90-100%. Large recordings of the muscle contraction, such as those shown in Appendix A, are easily obtainable using a kymograph and simple lever system. In fact, another advantage of this exercise is that it does not require expensive recording equipment.

A Review Of The Dabur Network Information Technology Essay Essay Example

A Review Of The Dabur Network Information Technology Essay Essay Example A Review Of The Dabur Network Information Technology Essay Essay A Review Of The Dabur Network Information Technology Essay Essay Introduction DaburA is a Indian consumer goods company with involvements inA Oral Care, A Hair Care, A A Skin Care, A Health Care, Home CareA andA even in nutrients. From its low first stage in the bylanes of Calcutta in the twelvemonth 1884 as an Ayurvedic medical specialties company. Dabur has come a stretched manner today to go among the top companies. Dabur India LimitedA is the fourth largest FMCG Company in India. Dabur had a turnover of about Rs. 3390.9 Crore FY 09-10 A ; Market Capitalisation of over Rs 15500 Crore which clearly shows the company s base. The company has kept an oculus on new coevalss of clients with a assortment of merchandises that provide to a modern life style, while supervising non to estrange past coevalss of faithful clients. Dabur s web is in the signifier of star topology with 6 DAMA ( Demand Assigned Multiple Access ) links from Hughes Escorts Communications Limited ( HECL ) . There are around 40-50 Time Division Multiple Access ( TDMA ) VSATs ( Very Small Aperture Terminals ) , which are used for associating the distribution web. Then there is Virtual Private Network ( VPN ) connectivity affecting Dabur s offices in Delhi and Mumbai, and the corporate office. This nexus will shortly be un-mitigated to other locations, besides. There are some Radio Frequency links for linking the local offices within a metropolis. The pick of the web depends upon location and feasibleness tallies on multiple media. The company uses IDSN connectivity as a support for its premier connectivity. Amazingly, contrary to the current tendency, Dabur does nt hold assorted leased lines to keep up its datacom web. The Situation: Problem Faced By The Company Before ERP Implementation For many old ages, Dabur had been utilizing Fox Pro based systems for its handling logistics but as the web has grown the distribution force per unit area rises engineering development was necessary. Fox Pro was a database in which each of the section likes gross revenues, finance etc had a separate database for their several sections. It was non a relational database. The company faced a batch of job because this similar information incompatibilities etc. It become necessary to incorporate the disconnected distribution web for the benefit of the company. This was the clip when Dabur felt the demand to implement some sort of ERP system. ERP Implementation in 4 phases till now 1st ERP execution Baan Dabur implemented Baan s ERP system in 1999 for mechanization of the fabrication procedure. This was the first ERP system which was implemented by the company in the major workss at Sahibabad and Baddi severally. The waiter used for this was Alpha Unix waiters and this was situated at the commercial office are used for Baan and about 200 coincident users can login from in cooperation with workss utilizing PAMA VSATs and fiber in the distant Baddi works. In Baan ERP system the cardinal faculties includes finance, fabrication, maestro production planning, intelligent resource planning, trader planning and costing. The assorted faculties maintain the path of the stuff as the stock list moves through the works and they are synchronised to each other. The primary distribution program becomes a really of import constituent of the fabrication system. The planning procedure of the compnay includes one month s stable Rolling Production Plan ( RPP ) of the company and two month s peal program subsequently on, based on a Rolling Gross saless Forecast ( RSF ) of Dabur. Problem in instance of Baan The operation of the fabrication system has been really hard as natural stuffs for Dabur s merchandises are largely sourced from the assorted unorganized sectors where fruits and herbs and other natural resorts are procured. The other challenge was of extended customisation which was necessary to run into rigorous FDA ordinances in the quality circle in Pharma merchandise lines. Not merely this, BaaN requires a cardinal waiter which was besides a job for the company. To suit so assorted locations many of them situated in little and distant countries into a cardinal processing system, Dabur needed a VSAT ( Very Small Aperture Terminal ) web for this. As with the bulk companies, gross revenues at Dabur extremum towards the last 4-5 yearss of the month which leads to more burden on the waiter. If the company were to depend on this sort of cardinal waiter architecture, which would be associated through VSATs, the web would be tremendously overburdened during every month-end. However, Dab ur neer required doing the web a serious constituent in the mechanization of the outbound logistics. The company determined to travel for an ERP solution that was Network Independent and it found that MFG/PRO could be run on independent waiters at every location it was a good pick that suited its alone demands. 2nd ERP execution MFG/PRO ERP Dabur hence initiated mechanization of the outward logistics system in April, 2001 by agencies of its primary circulation system named Project Synergy , which involves the executing of the MFG/PRO ERP system. The MGF/PRO system was running in greater than a twelve Carrying and Forwarding Agents ( CFAs ) and the major warehouses all over the state. It had covered more than 90 sites in the chief Distribution will be finished by 2002. Execution Once it was decided that MFG/PRO it will be to manage outbound logistics so a nucleus execution squad which comprised terminal users from different sections, like IT, gross revenues, distribution and planning, finance and was set up in order to work. The deployment was made in four phases. In the first phase a demand survey was done here a theoretical account was developed. Dabur has five SBUs ( Strategic Business Units ) , each with diverse demands in footings of the outbound logistics. It is a traditional FMCG company into household and health care merchandises, pharmaceutical merchandises, nutrient merchandises, which is a perishable merchandises division, ayurvedic merchandises for both the medical specialty and place sections. All these divisions have diverse demands. The nucleus squad had its occupation cut out: It had to develop a common concern theoretical account, which could provide to every section at the same clip. Significant benefits were seeable in locations where the ERP system had been implemented. These include: Improvement occur in gross revenues despatchs to the carrying and forward agents ( CFA ) . The gross revenues earlier were greatly overloaded with 80 per centum of gross revenues taking topographic point in the last hebdomad of the month which led to a figure of problem such as check bounce and gross revenues returns from pushed gross revenues to run into gross revenues marks. Improvement was seen in aggregations procedure besides. Collections have recorded an betterment of about 6 yearss after implementing ERP and now are more equally spread more than the month which leads to significant nest eggs on working capital protected up in out-bound logistics. Decrease in unsold stock stock list nad gross revenues returns. Stockss in transporting and forwading agents are noticeable to cardinal distribution contrivers in commercial and un-saleable classs most of import to better distribution nad direction. cardinal direction of gross revenues strategies. The corporate office manages the strategies and free issues and the ERP system keeps a tough trial on strategies most of import to worsen in abuse of strategies in the field. Reasons: why the shifted to another ERP system ( SAP ) By 2005 Dabur felt the demand of keeping two independent ERP systems for the company. They were confronting some of the issues like there were still data redundancies and incompatibilities in the database system. Significant sum of rework was indispensable in merely informations format interlingual rendition between the two systems. It still did non supply a holistic image and therefore posed problems in explicating a policy or taking concern important determinations. Care cost of MGF/PRO was besides really high. Dabur realized that it is non merely the operational excellence it needed but in besides needed determination support substructure and as a consequence of this the proposal of a lone organisation broad ERP execution was planned in Dabur. So, with the aid of Accenture, Dabur implemented strategic and operational alterations by execution of organisation broad SAP nucleus faculties. 3RD ERP execution SAP ( major alteration ) Migrated from standalone Enterprise Resourse Planning systems which includes Baan and Mfg to centralise SAP ERP system from 1st April, 2006 for all the concern units of dabur. Dabur implemented a state broad new Wide Area Network substructure for running centralised Enterprise resourse planning system and puting up of new informations centre at KCO caput office in Ghaziabad. Addition of system to the distributers for capturing Secondary Gross saless Data information to roll up near real-time grapevine information was done by 2004. Dabur decided to turn over out of IT services to new workss. Dabur is no unsusceptibility with regard to other industries and realized it needed to put to death enhanced and rapidly and do more rapid determinations in order to outpace its upper category in gross and prosperity growing. Accenture proposed that Dabur better its supply concatenation direction, to run into such ends and gross revenues and distribution capablenesss should besides be improved and utilize IT as a strategic enabler for its concern scheme. This integrated migration to a nimbler outsourcing theoretical account that would make significance through adeptness and sustain concern enterprises and safeguarding of its SAP ERP system. SAP fundamentally, was selected due to the extended experience in India and it is used by its rivals besides. How Accenture helped Dabur Accenture proposed that Dabur better its gross revenues and distribution services and supply concatenation direction capablenesss and utilize information engineering as a tactical enabler for its concern scheme. From an IT point of view, Accenture suggested a two-pronged scheme to Dabur that includes relocation to a nimbler outsourcing theoretical account that would make value through mental dexterity and keep up concern enterprises and protection of its SAP endeavor resource planning system. Accenture assembled a squad of extremely skilled industry experts so that it can convey these enterprises to life, every bit good as professionals with extended SAP design and execution experience. It implemented a new gross revenues and distribution scheme and in this Accenture helped in developing a widespread scheme that was noticeable as Dabur s first important enterprise to place cardinal client sections in urban and rural markets, custom-make gross revenues plans for cardinal histories and reorganise Dabur s gross revenues squads by one of four trade channels. There was some net income from these enterprises like addition in one-year gross revenues by 17 % whereas amplify in net incomes by over 40 % public presentation more operational effectivity and cutting down of costs. Operational Benefits Impact Lost Gross saless -40 % Forecast Mistake -53 % Full, on clip delivers +7 % Rolling production program attachment +73 % Accenture supported this concern attack with a moneymaking IT solution. It has developed in-house over several platforms, which captured actionable information crosswise the national footmark of practically 500 distributers. In the country of merchandise distribution, the squad focused on bolstering efficiencies and rural market incursion and designed a channel-specific scheme for grocers, chemists, modern trade, jobbers and convenience shops. In developing a more effectual gross revenues plan, Accenture paid particular attending to how Dabur might better service to Indian mega retail merchants, which are expected to account for more than 15 per centum of consumer merchandise gross revenues by 2010. For this group of clients, the squad established a new operating theoretical account that included a pricing architecture model to assistance dialogues, an activation scheme to steer tactical enterprises, and revised functions and duties for all members of the trade field force. In inventing this scheme, the Accenture and Dabur squad optimized the company s distribution procedures and internal logistics for mega retail clients, and put inducements in set to drive definite ends such as uniformity of gross revenues in food market shops, increased gross revenues via sweeping channels. 4th ERP execution SAP APO ( Current Scenario ) Automatizing prediction: Dabur hence decided to automatize the process to develop its prediction process. The company was already running SAP ERP from 2006 and decided to set into pattern SAP s Advanced Planner and Optimizer ( APO ) .To guarantee the truth of SAP APO, historical information was deconstructed to deduce the baseline gross revenues and impact of ATL/BTL inputs. Dabur has greatly benefited from SAP APO with improved concern results. Undertaking was divided into four different stages. The first stage was Diagnosis in which design and administration construction was done. It besides established the possible chance size and the concern instance. In the 2nd stage the design of the supply concatenation took topographic point. The 3rd stage the existent execution of APO faculties took topographic point. In the last stage the actuall running took topographic point ( April 2010 ) . Once you have input the growing target the full gross revenues volume program will be generated. All the other computations are in existent clip like required capacity planning, markets where we can acquire more concern. Then the system will automatically change over the gross revenues forecast into existent demands at the mill degree. Changes experienced in top line, bottom line and stock list turnover due to ERP execution Before the deployment, the lost gross revenues which were earlier accounted to 6 % were decreased to 3.75 % . More-over the company s mistake prognosis was besides reduced from 85 to 40 per centum and its prognosis truth amplified from 25 to over 60 per centum. Achieving this effort in merely eight months was a immense accomplishment for Dabur. This would non hold been possible sole of a concern benefit-led move towards to the exercising reasonably than an IT-led attack. With the recent executing of ERP, the effectivity of the distribution and logistics web is expected to progress more in the hereafter. Consumer wellness division grew by 12.5 % , that division has been impacted in the first one-fourth by the ERP platform conversion. The Undertaking A Solution A SAP Advanced Planner and Optimizer ( APO ) A Project Duration A Eight months A Benefits Lost gross revenues chances reduced from 6 to 3.75 per centum Mistake prognosis reduced from 85 to 40 per centum Forecast truth increased from 25 to over 60 per centum Decision A strong plan direction attack and an execution spouse holding good concern apprehension and proved experience were other factors that served as accelerators.

Reflection Paper in Terms of What I Learned in Software Access 2010 Essay

Reflection Paper in Terms of What I Learned in Software Access 2010 - Essay Example Juxtaposition between the learning objectives and expected outcomes versus my current abilities also proves that I am much better informed now than I was at the beginning of the course. The appropriate introduction that was given at the beginning of the course allowed me to have a good and concrete background and understanding of the big picture of business information systems and their application within business processes. My current proficiency and mastery of the various concepts that are stipulated within the objectives of the course are therefore as a result of the effective course introduction. The introduction of the course was followed into deeper study of Relational Database Models for the Logical and conceptual modeling of business processes within which I attained my current adequate comprehension of how business processes can be modeled to ensure that they are both efficient and aligned to the mission, vision and goals of an organization. At the end of the course, I am confident that I am able to design and model an effective business process that would be applied to realize goals of a large enterprise. The assessments and peer review of my performance m otivated the achievement of the desired course outcomes. My skills in modeling of business processes in the application of information systems advanced with more study of the course material and exercises which comprised both individual and group work. My first essay acted as a guiding framework within which I understood my goals which allowed me to employ the guidance of the instructor and group members as well as effective learning approached to achieve skills required for advanced modeling. This is the reason why I have a desirable understanding of all concepts in advanced business modeling and ability to apply them within a work environment to instill improvements in work processes. The ability that I gained to present these concepts within the blackboard reveals that the course had allowed me to acquire and gain from both understanding knowledge and skills of articulating them through a presentation. This means that I have acquired relevant business communication skills of conc epts as required for the human resource within the contemporary competitive business environment. I boldly mention that through this course I have also gained managerial skills especially in planning for disasters and application of various strategies and measures to recover from various disasters that could befall a business information system. I greatly appreciate the role of security policy for securing information systems from possible risk issues that which may result to discontinuity of operations and resultant losses to an organization. In addition the querying of systems for acquisition of information for decision making is an aspect that I am specifically good at through the leaning processes of the course. This includes financial information which is applicable by managers in the making decisions on the strategies that are to be employed in improving business performance. My proficiency in Access 2010 is one of the most notable achievements that I would point out that the course has allowed me to achieve. Group activities and assignments in Acquisition and Revenue Cycles allowed me to focus and work hard in the use of Access 2010 for statistical analysis of business data including financial information which is an inevitable application within modern business organizations. I am now knowledgeable and experienced in the use of Ac

College inc Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

College inc - Essay Example Which is not a bad mindset to be subliminally feeding the viewers at all. The commercials for these schools do not sell an education, they sell idealism. They sell a lifestyle, They sell a promise to give you an education that will set you on the road to financial stability. In other words, the ads feed on the vulnerability of the American population that is looking for a way to have a better life or a better job. The people who tend to be enticed by these ads are those who have been rejected by regular educational institutions either for lack of qualifications or a full roster of students. If I were in charge of a for profit school that is worth around $60 million like Chancellor University, I would allocate 50 percent of the profits to raising the standard of education by hiring the best possible professors that money can buy in a contractual basis. That is because tenure is something that is severely over rated. Teachers should not be paid more on the basis of their tenure at a college, rather they should be paid for the quality of their ability to teach. If they dont pass muster, then get rid of them. But that can only be done if the professor does not hold tenure at the college. Federal grants help the students at the for profit colleges get a jump start on their education by allowing the students access to taxpayer dollars that was meant to help them give back to the society later on in their professional lives. Since the FSA takes care of 90% of the fees, the student practically has a free ride through college. The for profit colleges benefit from the system because they are sure to be paid for their tuition fees and other charges regardless of the actual capacity of the student to pay for their education. Uncle Sam actually takes care of that for them. The problem is that some for profit colleges such as DeVry University offer programs that are not accredited by the correct institutions and therefore